Palivo E10 – benzín, který může obsahovat až 10 % objemových obnovitelného etanolu (bioetanolu), je směsné palivo vyrobené z udržitelně pěstovaných plodin, biogenních odpadů a zbytků biomasy, které významně snižuje emise skleníkových plynů v dopravě.
Z jednání skupiny G7 v letošním roce bylo deklarováno, že udržitelná biopaliva hrají zásadní roli při snižování emisí z dopravy, čelní představitelé EU znovu potvrdili svůj závazek k vysoce dekarbonizovaného silničnímu sektoru do roku 2030, a rovněž se zavázali podporovat související infrastrukturu a udržitelná uhlíková neutrální paliva, včetně udržitelných biopaliv a syntetických paliv.
Evropa si nemůže dovolit vsadit pouze na jedno řešení snížení emisí z automobilů. To není jen zdravý rozum, je to také zjištění Evropského účetního dvora, který v nedávné zprávě varuje před současnou strategií EU zaměřenou pouze na elektrická vozidla jako způsob defosilizace silniční dopravy. Hlavní kontrolní instituce EU zjistila, že ambice Evropy spoléhat se na elektrická vozidla v silniční dopravě a zároveň postupně vyřazovat všechny ostatní možnosti ji činí zranitelnou vůči dlouhodobé závislosti na Číně a USA, pokud jde o technologii baterií, a ohrožují její schopnost plnit cíle pro snížení emisí z automobilů.
Zavedení paliva E10 v ČR
- implementace legislativní úpravy přinese snížení závislosti na fosilní složce, zvýšení soběstačnosti a zdrojové bezpečnosti zásobování, a především nevratně zajištění většího plnění emisních cílů EU, které díky povinné transpozici změněné evropské směrnice o podpoře obnovitelných zdrojů energií (RED III) ještě dramaticky narostou;
- evropská směrnice RED III přináší metodické změny, které od roku 2025 neumožní využít fosilní LPG a CNG pro snížení emisí skleníkových plynů, nebude také možné započítat úsporu emisí z těžby ropy (UER) do celkového snížení emisí v dopravě o 14,5 %;
- aktuální stav vozového parku a jeho vývoj vedou k závěru, že v roce 2030 bude stále kryto min. ze 75 % spotřeby energie v dopravě motorovou naftou (NM) a benzínem (BA), tedy na dodavatelích NM a BA bude ležet rozhodující podíl na dosažení dekarbonizačních cílů roku 2030;
- u motorové nafty jsou možnosti omezeny platnou technickou normou, která podíl metylesteru mastných kyselin (FAME) zatím omezuje na 7 % objemových (motorová nafta B7). Lze sice očekávat snahu o zvýšení tohoto podílu (toto obsahuje ostatně již přijatá směrnice RED III, která musí být transponovaná do národních legislativ v roce 2025;
- u automobilového benzinu je stav odlišný, protože technická norma pro dodávky benzínu s obsahem alternativní složky (bioetanolu) do 10 % objemových již delší dobu umožňuje. Žádné omezení technické ani legislativní zde není, protože E10 jako bezolovnatý automobilový benzín je definován jen max. obsahem kyslíku (0 – 3,7 % objemových), takže i E5 (max. obsah kyslíku je 2,7 % objemových) je součástí E10;
- struktura vozového parku v ČR není jakkoli na překážku pro zavedení E10, neboť prakticky všechny vozy vyrobené po roce 2004 užití tohoto benzínu umožňují, u vozů starších jsou omezení sporadická (např. u vozů Škoda již model Felicia 1,3 do roku 2001);
- bioetanol, který je u motorových benzinů využíván jako alternativní složka/zdroj alternativní energie, je v ČR vyráběn zejména z cukrové řepy, které je pro tento účel na tuzemském trhu dostatečné množství.
Stav v EU – dostupnost paliva E10
podíl E10 v zemích EU: Bulharsko 100 %, Rumunsko 100 %, Nizozemsko 96 %, Dánsko 92 %, Slovensko 87 %, Belgie 83 %, Maďarsko 77 %, Finsko 77 %, Lucembursko 70 %, Lotyšsko 60 %, Francie 56 %, Estonsko 45 %, Německo 17 %., dále Litva, Švédsko a také Velká Británie. Nově v roce 2023: Rakousko, Irsko a Norsko a v roce 2024: Polsko, ČR, Španělsko a Portugalsko.


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